The story continues from Chapter 2 of SIMPLE SOLUTIONS for Planet Earth (http://SimpleSolutionsBook1.com):
The original hydrogen economy was invented by plants 3 billion years ago when they used sunlight to combine carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis to produce hydrogen, which was a necessary ingredient to manufacture carbohydrates, disposing oxygen as a waste product. These early life forms used manganese-oxygen clusters to split water, and still do. Bacteria utilizes iron and nickel for the same purpose, and one of the projects with which I am currently involved hopes to increase the efficiency through genetic engineering to produce hydrogen from sunlight or dark reactions.
But let’s jump to 1968 when John O’M Bockris began to play a role in the modern history of hydrogen. The following is a summary of what he related to me by e-mail on April 10, 2006, which also can be found in his Energy Options (1985):
Late ‘60’s: In Stockholm, he heard at a dinner conversation that a Nazi scientist, Frans Lawaczeck, who it is said, was influenced by Jules Verne, as early as 1907 advocated electrolyzing water and getting the electricity back through fuel cells, or by burning the gas, all pollution free.
The original hydrogen economy was invented by plants 3 billion years ago when they used sunlight to combine carbon dioxide and water through photosynthesis to produce hydrogen, which was a necessary ingredient to manufacture carbohydrates, disposing oxygen as a waste product. These early life forms used manganese-oxygen clusters to split water, and still do. Bacteria utilizes iron and nickel for the same purpose, and one of the projects with which I am currently involved hopes to increase the efficiency through genetic engineering to produce hydrogen from sunlight or dark reactions.
But let’s jump to 1968 when John O’M Bockris began to play a role in the modern history of hydrogen. The following is a summary of what he related to me by e-mail on April 10, 2006, which also can be found in his Energy Options (1985):
Late ‘60’s: In Stockholm, he heard at a dinner conversation that a Nazi scientist, Frans Lawaczeck, who it is said, was influenced by Jules Verne, as early as 1907 advocated electrolyzing water and getting the electricity back through fuel cells, or by burning the gas, all pollution free.
Early ‘70’s: While a consultant for General Motors, he was asked to lead a “brain stormer” discussion on the future sources of energy. As hydrogen kept coming up, he said, "It would seem we are in for a Hydrogen Society." Neil Triner, a technician in the group said: "It will be a Hydrogen Economy." No one asked, then, what was meant. Then in 1972, Bockris and John Appleby wrote: "The Hydrogen Economy—an Ultimate Economy?" No doubt that John Bockris is the Father of the Hydrogen Economy. He published a note, the first proposition for the general use of hydrogen as a medium of energy in a refereed publication, the Environmental Journal. He said that he later learned that the idea had been mentioned in a lecture at Cambridge in 1923 by J.B.S. Haldane. Bockris obtained his PhD from Imperial College. Haldane himself said that liquid hydrogen would give three times more heat per pound than gasoline, providing an early stimulus for hydrogen as an aviation fuel.
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The price of oil settled at $136/barrel today.
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